% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3252857,
title = {{Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity}},
author = {Kalan, Ammie K. and Kulik, Lars and Arandjelovic, Mimi and Boesch, Christophe and Haas, Fabian and Dieguez, Paula and Barratt, Christopher D. and Abwe, Ekwoge E. and Agbor, Anthony and Angedakin, Samuel and Aubert, Floris and Ayimisin, Ayuk Emmanuel and Bailey, Emma and Bessone, Mattia and Brazzola, Gregory and Buh, Valentine Ebua and Chancellor, Rebecca and Cohen, Heather and Coupland, Charlotte and Curran, Bryan and Danquah, Emmanuel and Deschner, Tobias and Dowd, Dervla and Eno-Nku, Manasseh and Fay, Michael J. and Goedmakers, Annemarie and Granjon, Anne-C{\'e}line and Head, Josephine and Hedwig, Daniela and Hermans, Veerle and Jeffery, Kathryn J. and Jones, Sorrel and Junker, Jessica and Kadam, Parag and Kambi, Mohamed and Kienast, Ivonne and Kujirakwinja, Deo and Langergraber, Kevin E. and Lapuente, Juan and Larson, Bradley and Lee, Kevin and Leinert, Vera and Llana, Manuel and Marrocoli, Sergio and Meier, Amelia and Morgan, Bethan and Morgan, David and Neil, Emily and Nicholl, Sonia and Normand, Emmanuelle and Ormsby, Lucy Jayne and Pacheco, Liliana and Piel, Alex and Preece, Jodie and Robbins, Martha M. and Rundus, Aaron and Sanz, Crickette and Sommer, Volker and Stewart, Fiona and Tagg, Nikki and Tennie, Claudio and Vergnes, Virginie and Welsh, Adam and Wessling, Erin G. and Willie, Jacob and Wittig, Roman M. and Yuh, Yisa Ginath and Zuberb{\"u}hler, Klaus and K{\"u}hl, Hjalmar S.},
language = {eng},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18176-3},
year = {2020},
abstract = {{Large brains and behavioural innovation are positively correlated, species-specific traits, associated with the behavioural flexibility animals need for adapting to seasonal and unpredictable habitats. Similar ecological challenges would have been important drivers throughout human evolution. However, studies examining the influence of environmental variability on within-species behavioural diversity are lacking despite the critical assumption that population diversification precedes genetic divergence and speciation. Here, using a dataset of 144 wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities, we show that chimpanzees exhibit greater behavioural diversity in environments with more variability {\textemdash} in both recent and historical timescales. Notably, distance from Pleistocene forest refugia is associated with the presence of a larger number of behavioural traits, including both tool and non-tool use behaviours. Since more than half of the behaviours investigated are also likely to be cultural, we suggest that environmental variability was a critical evolutionary force promoting the behavioural, as well as cultural diversification of great apes.}},
journal = {{Nature Communications}},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
eid = {4451},
}